Spine and Movement

Vertebrae

  • Cervical Spine
  • Thoracic Spine
  • Lumbar Spine
  • Sacral Spine
Spine Basics - OrthoInfo - AAOS

4 Spinal Movements

  • Flexion – Bending forward
  • Extension – Bending backwards
  • Lateral Flexion – Bending right/left
  • Rotation – Torsion twist
  • Axial Extension – Decompress, elongate the spine.
Effects of spinal movements on the muscles | Download Scientific Diagram

Joint movements

  • Joint mobility – Ability to move with ease.
  • Joint Stability – maintain postural equilibrium and support joints in movement.
  • Joint Flexibility – Extensibility of soft tissues that allow range of motion around a joint.
Human joint movement. Reproduced from [9] | Download Scientific Diagram
8.4E: Synovial Joint Movements - Medicine LibreTexts

Planes

  • Sagittal Plane – Split left to right
  • Frontal Plane – Split front and back
  • Transverse – Split top and bottom
3 Planes of Movement: Sagittal, Frontal, and Transverse Exercises
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